The Silfra fissure, under Þingvallavatn lake in Iceland's Þingvellir, or Thingvellir, valley was formed as the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates move apart by around two centimetres a year. This movement, which builds up pressure in the earth above the crack, results in a major earthquake every 10 years or so. They result in further cracks and fissures, but none are as large as Silfra.
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